What is the formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?

°F = °C × 9/5 + 32. For example, 180°C = 180 × 1.8 + 32 = 356°F. In practice, recipes round to 350°F.

How do Gas Marks work?

Gas Marks are the UK temperature scale used on gas ovens. They are a lookup table rather than a clean formula — the step between marks varies. The standard values are: Gas Mark 1 = 140°C, 2 = 150°C, 3 = 170°C, 4 = 180°C, 5 = 190°C, 6 = 200°C, 7 = 220°C, 8 = 230°C, 9 = 240°C, with Gas Mark ¼ ≈ 110°C and ½ ≈ 120°C for very low settings. Gas Mark 4 (180°C) is the most common moderate baking temperature (per Which?, Smeg UK and BBC Good Food).

What is the difference between fan and conventional oven temperatures?

Fan ovens (also called convection ovens) circulate hot air, cooking more evenly and efficiently. They run about 20°C hotter in effect, so recipes written for conventional ovens need the temperature reduced by 20°C when using a fan oven.

Why does my oven seem hotter or cooler than the setting?

Oven thermostats can be inaccurate, sometimes by 10-20°C or more. An oven thermometer (about £5) is the best way to check. Hot spots are also common — rotate bakes halfway through for even results.

What are the most common baking temperatures?

The most commonly used oven temperatures in baking are: 140-150 degrees C for slow baking (fruit cakes, meringues), 160-170 degrees C for gentle baking (cheesecakes, custards), 180 degrees C for most cakes and biscuits, 200-220 degrees C for bread and pastry, and 230-250 degrees C for pizza and flatbreads.

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Oven Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, and fan oven temperatures instantly.

Convert FromPick the scale your recipe uses — Celsius, Fahrenheit, or UK Gas Mark

Temperature

The oven temperature from your recipe

How We Calculate This

This converter uses standard conversion formulas between the three main oven temperature scales, plus the fan oven adjustment.

Conversion Formulas

°C to °F: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°F to °C: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
Gas Mark: a fixed UK lookup table, not a formula — each step is +10 to +20°C, so the chart below is used directly.
Fan oven: Fan = Conventional − 20°C

UK Gas Mark Chart

Gas Mark ¼ ≈ 110°C · ½ ≈ 120°C
Gas Mark 1 = 140°C · 2 = 150°C · 3 = 170°C
Gas Mark 4 = 180°C · 5 = 190°C · 6 = 200°C
Gas Mark 7 = 220°C · 8 = 230°C · 9 = 240°C

Values follow the standard UK culinary table (Which?, Smeg UK, BBC Good Food). Oven thermostats vary, so an oven thermometer is the most reliable check.

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Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are based on standard ratios and conversions. Results may vary with specific ingredients, equipment, and conditions.